“If we learn to build with local materials, we have a future.” (Diébédo Francis Kéré)
West African architecture is guided by the region’s climate and vegetation. Thus, you’ll find many African homes that are in sync with their environments. This ecological style can still be seen in Africa’s many real estate developments today.
Join Jobomax Homes as we explore the seamless transition of West African architecture from the old to the new. If you’re moving to the region, this article offers valuable insights into the region’s structures and their designs.
The Historical Significance of West African Architectural Styles
West African architecture boasts several styles, but few have left an indelible mark like the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style. It’s simple yet efficient, and because it focuses on the availability of local materials and the climate of the region, one could say that it is bound together by the African diaspora.
Consider the visually striking Sahel region for instance. It is heavily influenced by Islamic principles and aesthetics. A prime example is the Great Mosque of Djenné in Mali. It was constructed with earthen materials, using sun-baked mud bricks that are coated with clay while featuring three minarets.
It is linked to the location, so even though the region is moving towards an exciting new era, the Sudano-Sahelian African style is still the foundation of contemporary architecture in West Africa.
Influential Elements in Contemporary West African Architecture
Here’s a look at the elements that influence West African architecture’s contemporary form and function:
Cultural Heritage
Contemporary African art is impacted by cross-cultural dialogue. You’ll find this to be true even in the realm of architecture. The legacy of Islamic, Sub-Saharan African, and Judeo-Christian civilizations as well as many indigenous cultures (including their traditions and customs) has heavily influenced architectural features.
Though architecture continues to evolve, indigenous materials are still used in contemporary West African architecture because they are low-cost, energy-efficient, adapt to the surrounding environment, and support local economies.
Colonial Legacy
Colonial rule in West Africa is often said to be a double-edged sword. Colonial governments prioritized infrastructure development which largely meant that they designed structures with architectural features from their homelands. At times, European influence was blended with vernacular architecture to match the region’s climate. This was done to exploit the natural resources and economies of the Niger Delta, the Lagos hinterland, and the Gold Coast.
Structural principles and design have since been refashioned to reflect a united African identity in contemporary architecture—a movement called Pan-Africanism.
Planning and cooperation between communities has been a concern as highlighted by an article on comparative studies between Bamako and Segou cities. However, when we look at the current environment, it’s evident that West African architecture attempted to recast itself with modern styles by replacing facades with privacy which was in keeping with religious practices, among other factors.
Climate and Environment
In West African traditional architecture, the focus is on earthen materials like clay and mud. They’re pliable and durable while offering natural insulation and effective soundproofing.
Given the extent of their benefits, this type of construction has become a mainstay of contemporary homes in West Africa. This is because the continent has two alternating seasons (wet and dry), with a hot humid climate and unique challenges caused by flooding from heavy downpours.
Hence, African architects have started using design principles and techniques that interact well with the region’s environment, including its climate and vegetation.
The widespread use of readily available local materials is reflected in the mud-walled huts in Ghana and Togo which have flat or thatched roofs for shade and ventilation. Another example can be seen in the stilted houses in the Niger Delta region and the lakeside village of Ganvié in Benin. Their raised designs protect inhabitants from rising waters.
Social Dynamics
While the West focuses on individuality, West African buildings reflect the region’s strong sense of community. They are designed to harmoniously blend in with their environments and established social dynamics.
Consider the Great Mosque of Djenné for instance. The large brick building was designed and constructed with a single purpose—to provide those practicing the Muslim faith a place of worship. It has since become an epicenter where the town gathers to celebrate and socialize. It even hosts the annual Crépissage de la Grand Mosquée, a festival where the community repairs weather damage with a fresh coat of plaster.
In a similar vein, houses in West Africa are constructed with large interior spaces like sitting rooms to foster a sense of community and cohesion.
Though Africa is often considered the poorest continent, West Africa has enjoyed impressive economic growth in the last few decades. This is attributed to greater agricultural output, expansion in the services sectors, and institution-strengthening reforms.
Globalization and Modernity
While our general concept of contemporary refers to what’s new and modern, this isn’t the case with the African style of architecture. On the contrary, the region’s architectural designs pay homage to the past with locally sourced materials and textures that celebrate its rich heritage and cultural identity. It has remained loyal to sustainable design principles, resulting in sturdy structures that are resilient to different weather conditions.
Consider globalization’s impact on Nigeria’s local architecture. Amid innovations, ideas, trends, and diversity in architectural styles, the country predominantly reuses existing structures to preserve the region’s distinct cultural identity. While stepping toward the future, it ensures that the diversity and richness of traditional West African architecture remain relevant in the industry.
Green Condominiums: The New Style in Africa?
Sustainability is at the core of traditional West African architecture. But can it keep up with growing populations?
Conventional designs are evolving to support more people in more compact spaces. This is an emerging need as the population of the region’s 16 countries continues to grow at a rapid pace. The green building movement has given birth to structures with environment-friendly features such as water systems that cut down on the consumption of utilities.
In Ghana, the Lahagu Housing Project is a wonderful example. The development offers 100 two-bedroom green homes that boast a 34% increase in energy efficiency and 31% higher water efficiency.
These were attained by employing:
- Natural ventilation
- Low-flow water fittings
- Walls built with compressed earth blocks
The green building movement has a bright future, especially as resources become more scarce and people become aware of environmental concerns. Over the years, West African architecture has honored tradition and heritage. As it evolves to meet modern needs, there’s no reason to believe that architectural styles will stop mirroring valuable design features from the past.
Conclusion
The region’s architecture combines West Africa’s rich heritage, local environments, and modern amenities. You’ll see this reflected in the materials, designs, and spaces of different structures.
Jobomax Homes understands the subtleties of West African architecture and aims to bring out its best qualities through high-quality modern homes. We offer reasonably priced residences that employ local talent and support the economy.
Invest in value and quality. Start by taking a look at our residential developments in West Africa.
